See ar- on Wiktionary
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"ref": "1900, Edgar Fahs Smith (English translator), R. Anschütz (German editor), Victor von Richter's Organic Chemistry: or, Chemistry of the Carbon Compounds, Third American Edition, Volume II, P. Blakiston's Son & Co., page 393",
"text": "Potassium permanganate oxidizes ac-tetrahydronaphtylamine to o-hydrocinnam-carboxylic acid (p. 245); ar-tetrahydronaphthylamine, however, because of the oxidation of its amided benzene nucleus, is changed to adipic acid together with oxalic acid (B. 22, 767): […]"
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"ref": "1919 January 10, C. J. West, abstract of G. Schroeter and K. Thomas, “Transformation of tetrahydronaphthalene (tetralin) in the animal body”; in American Chemical Society, Chemical Abstracts, Volume 13, Number 1, page 43",
"text": "ar-Tetrahydro-α-carbamidonaphthalene, C₁₁H₁₄ON₂, crystallized in square plates from alc., soften at 198° and melts at about 206° (quickly heated, at 212°)."
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"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸare",
"name": "inh"
}
],
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{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ar-",
"source": "mutation",
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"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "har-",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"prothesis-h"
]
},
{
"form": "er-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ar-",
"name": "head"
}
],
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{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
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{
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{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with etymon",
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{
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"kind": "other",
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ar- + nofio (“to swim”) → arnofio (“to float”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ar- + ysgrif (“writing”) → arysgrif (“inscription, epigraph”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
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"on, above, sur-, super-, epi-"
],
"id": "en-ar--cy-prefix-kxhcEbFx",
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[
"on",
"on"
],
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"above",
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[
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"super-"
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[
"epi-",
"epi-"
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]
},
{
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{
"text": "ar- + lliw (“colour”) → arlliw (“shade”)",
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},
{
"text": "ar- + môr (“sea”) → arfor (“coast”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"near"
],
"id": "en-ar--cy-prefix-Rro0dwvM",
"links": [
[
"near",
"near"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ar/"
}
],
"word": "ar-"
}
{
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{
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"lang_code": "br",
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{
"lang": "Cornish",
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}
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{
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"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
"lang": "Upper Ob",
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"roman": "eart",
"word": "эарт"
}
],
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}
],
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],
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{
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],
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},
{
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"lang_code": "nio",
"roman": "ŋarüʔüa",
"word": "ӈарүˮүа"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Forest Enets",
"lang_code": "enf",
"roman": "naru",
"word": "нару"
}
],
"lang": "Enets",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Forest Nenets",
"lang_code": "yrk-for",
"roman": "nyał",
"word": "няԓ"
},
{
"lang": "Tundra Nenets",
"lang_code": "yrk-tun",
"roman": "nyar",
"word": "нярˮ"
}
],
"lang": "Nenets",
"lang_code": "yrk"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Northern Selkup",
"lang_code": "sel-nor",
"roman": "å̄ryn",
"word": "ө̄рын"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Selkup",
"lang_code": "sel-nor",
"roman": "å̄ryt",
"word": "ө̄рыт"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Narym",
"lang_code": "sel-sou",
"roman": "áryq",
"word": "а́рыӄ"
},
{
"lang": "Narym",
"lang_code": "sel-sou",
"roman": "áryŋ",
"word": "а́рыӈ"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Ob",
"lang_code": "sel-sou",
"roman": "eart",
"word": "эарт"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Selkup",
"lang_code": "sel-sou"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Selkup",
"lang_code": "sel-pro",
"word": "*ār-"
},
{
"lang": "Kamassian",
"lang_code": "xas",
"roman": "aruʔ",
"word": "аруʼ"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syd-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Resembles Proto-Uralic *ärä- (“to hinder, obstruct”), but the vowels do not correspond.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syd-pro",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "*ar-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Samoyedic",
"lang_code": "syd-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Samoyedic/ar-",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"across"
],
"links": [
[
"across",
"across"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"in the way"
],
"links": [
[
"in the way",
"in the way"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ar-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Tocharian A entries with incorrect language header",
"Tocharian A lemmas",
"Tocharian A terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Tocharian A terms derived from Proto-Tocharian",
"Tocharian A terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Tocharian A terms inherited from Proto-Tocharian",
"Tocharian A verbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "ine-toc-pro",
"3": "*er-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian *er-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "er-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B er-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃er-",
"4": "",
"5": "to move, stir"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, stir”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Tocharian *er- (whence also Tocharian B er-), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, stir”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "ar-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Tocharian A",
"lang_code": "xto",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to evoke, call up"
],
"links": [
[
"evoke",
"evoke"
],
[
"call up",
"call up"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to produce, yield, bring forth"
],
"links": [
[
"produce",
"produce"
],
[
"yield",
"yield"
],
[
"bring forth",
"bring forth"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ar-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Welsh entries with etymon",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh prefixes",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Welsh terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)",
"Welsh terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *preh₂-",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "cel-bry-pro:*ar-"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Celtic\", \"term\" : \"*ɸari\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"cel-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Celtic\", \"term\" : \"*ɸare\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"cel-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Celtic\", \"term\" : \"*ɸare-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"cel-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Brythonic\", \"term\" : \"*ar-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"cel-bry-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Welsh\", \"term\" : \"ar-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"cy\" }\" data-lang=\"cy\" data-title=\"ar-\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*ar-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *ar-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ɸare"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸare",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *ar-, from Proto-Celtic *ɸare.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ar-",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "har-",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"prothesis-h"
]
},
{
"form": "er-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "ar-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ar- + nofio (“to swim”) → arnofio (“to float”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ar- + ysgrif (“writing”) → arysgrif (“inscription, epigraph”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"on, above, sur-, super-, epi-"
],
"links": [
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"above",
"above"
],
[
"sur-",
"sur-"
],
[
"super-",
"super-"
],
[
"epi-",
"epi-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ar- + lliw (“colour”) → arlliw (“shade”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ar- + môr (“sea”) → arfor (“coast”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"near"
],
"links": [
[
"near",
"near"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ar/"
}
],
"word": "ar-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ar- meaning in All languages combined (25.8kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: ar-/Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"ar-"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "ar-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: ar-/Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"ar-"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "ar-",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.